{"id":5183,"date":"2021-07-01T09:23:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T07:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.glifing.com\/?p=5183"},"modified":"2025-06-12T11:59:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T09:59:27","slug":"a-que-ens-referim-quan-parlem-de-dificultats-de-lectura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.glifing.com\/ca\/blog\/a-que-ens-referim-quan-parlem-de-dificultats-de-lectura\/","title":{"rendered":"A qu\u00e8 ens referim quan parlem de dificultats de lectura?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u00e8 entenem per dificultats de lectura?<\/h2>\n

Parlem de dificultats de lectura quan observem dificultats per aprendre a llegir o per assolir una lectura funcional i aut\u00f2noma. Quan aquestes dificultats s\u00f3n especialment greus i ens impedeixen avan\u00e7ar en les tasques escolars o ens requereixen molt m\u00e9s esfor\u00e7 del que semblaria necessari, pot ser que h\u00e0gim de parlar de disl\u00e8xia.<\/p>\n

Tipus de trastorns de la lectura<\/h2>\n

Els trastorns de la lectura, tamb\u00e9 coneguts com a dificultats espec\u00edfiques de l\u2019aprenentatge en l\u2019\u00e0rea de la lectura, es divideixen en diverses categories segons els processos afectats. A continuaci\u00f3 n\u2019enumerem els principals:<\/p>\n

Disl\u00e8xia<\/h2>\n

\u00c9s el trastorn m\u00e9s com\u00fa i afecta la capacitat de descodificar paraules, \u00e9s a dir, de relacionar lletres amb sons. Les persones amb disl\u00e8xia<\/a> tenen dificultats per llegir amb flu\u00efdesa, entendre textos i automatitzar la lectura, malgrat tenir una intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia normal o superior a la mitjana. \u00c9s causada per difer\u00e8ncies en el processament fonol\u00f2gic i en les \u00e0rees cerebrals relacionades amb el llenguatge.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e8xia (o disl\u00e8xia adquirida)<\/h2>\n

Es produeix habitualment a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d\u2019una lesi\u00f3 cerebral, com ara un ictus o un traumatisme cranioencef\u00e0lic. L\u2019al\u00e8xia es caracteritza per una p\u00e8rdua parcial o total de la capacitat de llegir, tot i haver adquirit pr\u00e8viament aquesta habilitat.<\/p>\n

Disgrafia associada a la lectura<\/h2>\n

Tot i afectar sobretot l\u2019escriptura, tamb\u00e9 pot influir la lectura, perqu\u00e8 dificulta la connexi\u00f3 entre ortografia i llenguatge parlat.<\/p>\n

Disortografia<\/h2>\n

\u00c9s un trastorn relacionat amb les regles ortogr\u00e0fiques i la conversi\u00f3 de so a lletra. Pot dificultar la comprensi\u00f3 lectora perqu\u00e8 es confon la forma escrita de les paraules.<\/p>\n

Trastorn espec\u00edfic de la comprensi\u00f3 lectora<\/h2>\n

A difer\u00e8ncia de la disl\u00e8xia, en aquest cas la persona pot llegir correctament pel que fa a la descodificaci\u00f3, per\u00f2, en canvi, t\u00e9 dificultats per entendre el que llegeix. Aquest problema sol estar vinculat al llenguatge oral, la mem\u00f2ria de treball o l\u2019atenci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Aquests trastorns es poden presentar a\u00efllats o combinats, i el diagn\u00f2stic preco\u00e7 \u00e9s clau per implementar intervencions efectives que siguin un suport per al desenvolupament de la lectura.<\/p>\n

Dificultats de lectura i disl\u00e8xia<\/h2>\n

Definim la disl\u00e8xia com un trastorn del neurodesenvolupament que afecta la capacitat per aprendre a llegir i assolir una lectura fluida i comprensiva. Aquesta dificultat \u00e9s persistent, no desapareix espont\u00e0niament amb el temps. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s inesperada, ja que es presenta en persones sense d\u00e8ficits f\u00edsics, ps\u00edquics ni socioculturals<\/strong> que n\u2019expliquin la causa. A m\u00e9s, aquestes persones han tingut oportunitats d\u2019aprenentatge<\/strong> adequades per desenvolupar la lectura.<\/p>\n

Causes de la disl\u00e8xia<\/h2>\n

La disl\u00e8xia t\u00e9 un origen neurobiol\u00f2gic i \u00e9s gen\u00e8tica<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 vol dir que el cervell d’un nen disl\u00e8ctic, per raons f\u00edsiques, processa la lectura amb molta m\u00e9s dificultat que el cervell d’un nen no disl\u00e8ctic.<\/p>\n

\"Dificultats<\/p>\n

Aquest trastorn est\u00e0 relacionat amb difer\u00e8ncies en el funcionament i l\u2019estructura d\u2019\u00e0rees espec\u00edfiques del cervell, com ara les que intervenen en el processament fonol\u00f2gic i la descodificaci\u00f3 del llenguatge escrit.<\/p>\n

Aquestes difer\u00e8ncies afecten la capacitat de recon\u00e8ixer sons, associar-los amb lletres i automatitzar els processos lectors. Hi ha estudis que han demostrat que les connexions neuronals entre regions clau per llegir, com el gir angular i l\u2019escor\u00e7a temporal, poden estar menys desenvolupades o ser menys eficients en les persones amb disl\u00e8xia.<\/p>\n

Entendre aquestes causes permet abordar la disl\u00e8xia des d\u2019un enfocament integral que combini intervencions neuropsicol\u00f2giques, educatives i emocionals.<\/p>\n

Tres s\u00edmptomes observables de la disl\u00e8xia en les primeres etapes<\/h2>\n

1. Dificultat per aprendre i recitar l\u2019alfabet de mem\u00f2ria.
\n2. Lentitud a l\u2019hora d\u2019anomenar les lletres.
\n3. Dificultat o impossibilitat de detectar les rimes i analitzar els sons, com per exemple adonar-se de quina \u00e9s la s\u00edl\u00b7laba forta o saber separar les s\u00edl\u00b7labes de la paraula.<\/p>\n

Cinc s\u00edmptomes observables de la disl\u00e8xia en l\u2019educaci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria<\/h2>\n

1. Lectura lenta (o molt lenta) i dificultosa; es llegeix lletra per lletra o s\u00edl\u00b7laba per s\u00edl\u00b7laba, sense aconseguir la flu\u00efdesa esperada.
\n2. Sovint es cometen molts errors de lectura: es canvien lletres o paraules senceres, s\u2019ometen o s\u2019afegeixen sons, s\u2019altera l\u2019ordre de les lletres o, fins i tot, s\u2019inventen paraules.
\n3. De vegades, la lentitud i els errors de lectura poden comportar problemes de comprensi\u00f3.
\n4. F\u00e0cilment, afecta l\u2019autoestima i provoca rebuig al fet de llegir.
\n5. La disl\u00e8xia afecta altres aspectes com per exemple aprendre a llegir el rellotge o memoritzar les seriacions com els mesos de l\u2019any o les taules de multiplicar.<\/p>\n

Glifing una de les millors eines per ensenyar a llegir<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Demo<\/a><\/p>\n

Dificultats de lectura i disl\u00e8xia s\u00f3n el mateix?<\/h2>\n

Sovint em pregunten si dificultats de lectura i disl\u00e8xia<\/strong> s\u00f3n el mateix, perqu\u00e8 de vegades parlo indiferentment d\u2019una cosa i de l\u2019altra. Podr\u00edem dir que de dificultats de lectura se\u2019n poden tenir per causes diferents, per exemple, per manca d\u2019escolaritzaci\u00f3 o per altres trastorns previs, no cal que sigui per una disl\u00e8xia. Sovint jo no ho distingeixo perqu\u00e8 per sobre del diagn\u00f2stic sempre hi poso les necessitats immediates de l\u2019infant. De manera que, si creieu que el vostre fill o alumne pot tenir aquestes dificultats, no \u00e9s necessari, ni convenient, esperar que creixi per fer un diagn\u00f2stic i intervenir-hi.<\/p>\n

Encara que les dificultats de lectura fossin nom\u00e9s un retard de tipus maduratiu, no li faria cap mal la intervenci\u00f3; i si fos una disl\u00e8xia, ja estar\u00edem ben encaminats per ajudar-lo.<\/p>\n

La lectura \u00e9s fonamental a l’escola; entorn seu hi giren dues de les coses m\u00e9s importants que fem al llarg de la nostra vida acad\u00e8mica:\u00a0aprendre a llegir\u00a0i, m\u00e9s tard,\u00a0llegir per aprendre. Tenir dificultats en la tasca de llegir pot suposar un greu entrebanc a l’escola.
\n\u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que \u00e9s molt important que a les escoles es faci una\u00a0detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7\u00a0de possibles dificultats de lectura<\/a> i que aquesta vagi acompanyada d’una\u00a0actuaci\u00f3 efica\u00e7.\u00a0La consulta a un professional sempre us afegir\u00e0 llum per saber com continuar.<\/p>\n

Enlla\u00e7os d’inter\u00e8s sobre la disl\u00e8xia:
\nhttps:\/\/acd.cat\/<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/fedis.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Descarga<\/a><\/p>\n

Voleu saber com podem ajudar amb les dificultats de l’aprenentatge? contacta amb nosaltres\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En aquest article llegim que si les dificultats de lectura s\u00f3n especialment greus i impedeixen avan\u00e7ar en les tasques escolars, o si requereixen molt m\u00e9s esfor\u00e7 del que sembraria necessari, potser cal parlar de disl\u00e8xia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"full-width","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"on","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[314,230,212],"class_list":["post-5183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dislexia-ca","tag-dificultats-de-lectura","tag-dislexia-ca","tag-lectura-ca","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails","has-product-nav"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA qu\u00e8 ens referim quan parlem de dificultats de lectura? 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